Fermat was the first person known to have evaluated the integral of general power functions. With his method, he was able to reduce this evaluation to the sum of geometric series.
The resulting formula was helpful to Newton, and then Leibniz, when they independently developed the fundamental theorem of calculus.
Fermat made notable contributions to analytic geometry, probability, and optics but he is best known for his Fermat's principle for light propagation and his Fermat's LastTheorem in number theory.
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