The Van Allen Probes orbit Earth within the Van Allen belts about once every $9$ hours. The radiation environment contains high energy electrons and protons that can damage satellite solar panels and delicate electronics without proper shielding.
Typical spacecraft used for scientific research will become unreliable after they have accumulated $1000$ Grays of radiation, where $1$ Gray = $1$ joule of energy delivered to $1$ kilogram of material. Usually this energy is harmlessly deposited into the spacecraft shielding. Some of it can, however, damage electronic circuits.
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